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Colon Cancer Surgery (Colon Resection): What You Need to Know

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What is Colon Cancer Surgery (Colon Resection)?

Colon cancer resection, also called colectomy, is a surgery to remove part or all of the colon (large intestine) affected by cancer. It is one of the most effective treatments for colon cancer and may be performed alongside other therapies such as chemotherapy or radiation.

This page explains why colon resection may be needed, what to expect before, during, and after surgery, and how to support a healthy recovery.

What Is a Colon Resection?

A colon resection involves removing the section of the colon containing cancer, along with nearby lymph nodes. The remaining healthy sections of the colon are then reconnected (a process called anastomosis) or a temporary or permanent colostomy may be created, depending on the situation.

There are different types of colectomies based on the location of the cancer:

  • Right hemicolectomy: Removal of the ascending (right) colon
  • Left hemicolectomy: Removal of the descending (left) colon
  • Sigmoid colectomy: Removal of the sigmoid colon
  • Total colectomy: Removal of the entire colon (less common)

Why This Surgery May Be Needed

Colon resection is usually recommended for:

  • Confirmed colon cancer diagnosis
  • Precancerous polyps that can’t be removed endoscopically
  • Large or deeply invasive tumors
  • Blockages, bleeding, or perforation of the colon caused by cancer
  • To obtain clear margins and lymph nodes for accurate staging

Your surgeon will explain the type of surgery based on your tumor’s size, location, and stage.

Before the Procedure

Pre-Surgery Preparation Includes:

  • Blood tests and imaging (CT scan, colonoscopy, etc.)
  • Bowel prep to cleanse the colon
  • Medication review: You may need to adjust blood thinners, diabetes meds, or supplements
  • Clear liquid diet for 1–2 days before surgery
  • Discussion of anesthesia, colostomy, or ostomy options, if applicable
  • Meeting with a colorectal surgeon or oncologist

You’ll also be asked to arrange a ride home and prepare for a hospital stay of several days.

What to Expect During Surgery

Surgery Details:

  • Performed under general anesthesia
  • May be done as:
    • Open surgery (larger incision in the abdomen)
    • Laparoscopic (minimally invasive) or robot-assisted surgery
  • The cancerous portion of the colon is removed along with nearby lymph nodes
  • The two ends of the bowel are either reconnected or diverted with a temporary colostomy

Typical duration: 2–4 hours
Hospital stay: 3–7 days depending on recovery and surgical approach

After the Procedure

In the Hospital:

  • You may receive IV fluids, pain management, and antibiotics
  • Walking is encouraged as soon as possible to prevent blood clots
  • Your diet will progress from liquids to solids gradually
  • You’ll be monitored for bowel function and incision healing

At Home:

  • Recovery time is typically 4–6 weeks, depending on your overall health and surgery type
  • You may feel tired, bloated, or sore during healing
  • Follow-up visits will review pathology results and discuss any further treatment (like chemotherapy)

Call your provider if you experience:

  • Fever over 100.4°F (38°C)
  • Redness or discharge at the incision site
  • Severe pain, swelling, or persistent nausea
  • No bowel movements or passing gas for several days

Risks and Complications

Colectomy is generally safe but can involve some risks:

  • Infection or bleeding
  • Damage to nearby organs
  • Leakage at the reconnection site (anastomotic leak)
  • Blood clots or pneumonia
  • Hernia or bowel obstruction
  • Need for temporary or permanent colostomy

Your surgical team will monitor closely and provide specific instructions to minimize these risks.

Life After Colon Resection

Most people return to normal activities, work, and diet over time. Some adjustments may include:

  • Temporary changes in bowel habits (looser or more frequent stools)
  • Short-term dietary restrictions (low-residue diet, gradual reintroduction of fiber)
  • Colostomy or ileostomy care, if applicable
  • Ongoing follow-up care for cancer monitoring (CT scans, colonoscopy, CEA blood tests)

Your care team will help guide you through post-surgical recovery and any further treatments.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Will I need a colostomy?
Not always. Many people do not. If needed, it may be temporary. Your surgeon will explain this in advance.

Can I live a normal life without part of my colon?
Yes. Most people adapt well and return to their usual activities and diet over time.

Will I need chemotherapy after surgery?
It depends on the cancer stage, lymph node involvement, and other pathology results.

When can I go back to work?
Typically in 4–6 weeks for desk jobs; longer if your job is physically demanding.

Helpful Resources

Need Support or Have Questions?

If you’re scheduled for colon cancer surgery or exploring your treatment options, we’re here to help. Speak with your healthcare provider, surgeon, or oncology care team to get personalized answers and support throughout your journey.