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Falls Canyon Surgical Associates

Ventral Hernia Repair Surgery: What You Need to Know

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What Is a Hernia & Hernia Repair Surgery?

A hernia occurs when an internal organ or tissue pushes through a weak spot in the surrounding muscle or connective tissue, often creating a visible bulge under the skin. Hernias most commonly develop in the abdomen or groin and may form gradually or suddenly due to strain, muscle weakness, or prior surgical incisions. While some hernias cause minimal symptoms at first, they can lead to discomfort or complications over time.

Hernia repair surgery is a common procedure that corrects this weakness by returning the displaced tissue to its proper position and reinforcing the area. This page outlines the different types of hernias, when surgery may be recommended, what recovery looks like, and where to find additional resources.

Types of Hernias and How They Are Classified

Hernias are categorized both by their location and how they behave:

By location:

  • Non-ventral hernias:
    • Hiatal hernia – part of the stomach pushes into the chest through the diaphragm
    • Inguinal hernia – occurs in the groin (most common, especially in men)
    • Femoral hernia – found in the upper thigh, more common in women
    • Incisional hernia – develops at the site of a previous surgical scar
  • Ventral hernias:
    • Epigastric hernia – occurs above the belly button
    • Umbilical hernia – forms near the belly button
    • Spigelian hernia – occurs in the lower abdomen
    • Incisional hernia – can also fall into this category depending on location

By behavior:

  • Reducible hernia: The bulge can be pushed back in or may disappear when lying down. These are not emergencies and are typically repaired electively.
  • Incarcerated hernia: The tissue is trapped and cannot be pushed back in, often causing pain or swelling. While more urgent, this is not always an emergency and is usually treated with planned elective surgery.
  • Strangulated hernia: The blood supply to the trapped tissue is cut off. This is a medical emergency and may cause severe pain, nausea, vomiting, or redness at the site. Immediate evaluation in an emergency room (ER) is required.

Why Hernia Repair Surgery May Be Recommended

Hernias do not go away on their own and may become larger or more painful over time. In some cases, part of the intestine or other tissue can become trapped or strangulated, cutting off blood supply—this is a surgical emergency.

Your healthcare provider may recommend surgery if you have:

  • Pain or discomfort that interferes with daily activities
  • A hernia that is growing larger over time
  • Risk of complications such as bowel obstruction or strangulation
  • A hernia that cannot be pushed back in (incarcerated)

Types of Hernia Repair Surgery

There are two primary approaches to hernia repair:

1. Laparoscopic (Minimally Invasive) Repair

  • Several small incisions are made
  • A camera and instruments are inserted to repair the hernia from inside
  • Performed under general anesthesia meaning you are asleep and won’t feel any pain during the procedure.
  • Results in less post-op pain and faster recovery for many patients

2. Open Hernia Repair

  • Surgeon makes an incision near the hernia site
  • The bulging tissue is pushed back in, and the weakened area is repaired, often with mesh
  • Performed with general anesthesia meaning you are asleep and won’t feel any pain during the procedure.

Your surgeon will recommend the best method based on the hernia type, your health, and prior surgeries.

Before the Procedure

Acute Ventral Hernia Repair (Urgent Emergency)

If an emergency ventral hernia repair is needed:

  • Evaluation/diagnosis: Blood tests, urine tests, and imaging (such as ultrasound or CT scan) are performed.
  • Surgical timing: Once diagnosed, surgery is typically scheduled immediately as an emergency procedure.
  • Hospital stay: You may stay overnight for observation depending on your condition.
  • Pre-op treatment: IV fluids and antibiotics may be given before surgery.

Elective Ventral Hernia Repair

If a patient has a ventral hernia but it is not a life-threatening emergency, you will likely be referred to a general surgeon who can discuss treatment options, but an elective ventral hernia repair is most commonly recommended to prevent future episodes. Preparing for an elective ventral hernia repair includes:

  • Initial Consultation: Where you meet with the surgeon who will be performing the surgery and discuss treatment options.
  • Pre-Op Tests: Some patients may require blood tests and an EKG before surgery. Please complete all blood tests and EKGs within 30 days of surgery, and no later than two weeks before, to allow time for any needed repeats.
  • Imaging: CT/CAT scans, ultrasounds, or an MRI may be performed to determine the best and most safe surgical approach.
  • Medications: Inform your doctor about all medications and supplements, especially blood thinners.
  • Smoking: Stop smoking before surgery to promote better healing. Some insurances may require this step in order to authorize surgery. Check with your healthcare provider if you have questions about this.
  • Prep the Night Before:
    • Use the provided antibacterial soap to wash the area the night before and morning of the surgery. This excludes hemorrhoid procedures.
    • Clean clothes and clean sheets gets you prepared for surgery.
  • Fasting: Do not eat or drink anything for at least 6–8 hours before surgery.
  • Transportation: It is required that you arrange for someone to drive you home after the procedure.

It is very important that you properly prepare yourself for surgery as it allows for your doctor to perform the surgery safely and effectively. If you’re preparing for a ventral hernia repair, please visit the link below to view more detailed instructions on how to prepare for surgery

Visit our Preparing for Surgery Page

What to Expect During Surgery

  • The procedure usually takes between 30 minutes to 2 hours, depending on the size and location of the hernia.
  • You’ll be under general anesthesia, meaning that you are going to be asleep and feel no pain during the procedure.
  • Mesh is often used to strengthen the repair and reduce recurrence risk

After the Procedure

  • Hospital stay:
    • May be 1–2 days for an uncomplicated surgery however some patients go home the same day.
    • Longer hospital stay may be required if there were other complications during surgery.
  • At home recovery:
    • Open repair: Return to light activity in about 3–4 weeks
    • Laparoscopic repair: Return to light activity in 1–2 weeks
    • Most patients return to work or school around 2-4 weeks after surgery.
    • Depending on working conditions, lifting restrictions may be in place until fully healed at around 2-4 weeks.
    • Full recovery varies by individual and surgery type (usually 4–6 weeks after surgery for strenuous activity)

Everybody is different and heals differently, ask your healthcare provider if you have any questions about your recovery.

Common post-op symptoms:

  • Mild to moderate pain or soreness
  • Bruising or swelling near the incision
  • Temporary restrictions on lifting or straining

Contact your doctor if you experience:

  • Fever over 100.4°F (38°C) or chills
  • Increasing pain or swelling
  • Redness or drainage at the incision site
  • Difficulty urinating
  • Persistent nausea or vomiting

Follow your provider’s instructions on wound care, medication, and activity. Most patients can return to normal eating and daily routines quickly.

Risks and Complications

While a hernia repair is generally safe, potential risks include:

  • Infection
  • Bleeding or bruising
  • Nerve or blood vessel injury
  • Recurrence of the hernia
  • Chronic pain or numbness (rare)
  • Mesh-related complications (rare)

Your care team will explain the risks and steps taken to prevent complications.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Will my hernia come back after surgery?
Most hernias do not return, especially when mesh is used, but recurrence is still possible.

Can I walk after surgery?
Yes, gentle walking is encouraged soon after surgery to help with circulation and healing.

When can I return to work?
Light-duty work may resume in 1–2 weeks, but heavy lifting or physical jobs may require more time.

Will I need to follow a special diet?
Most patients resume a normal diet soon after surgery. A high-fiber diet can help prevent constipation, which is important for healing.

Will I have a scar after surgery?
Yes, there will be a scar. Minimally invasive procedures typically result in smaller scars compared to open surgery.

How much pain should I expect after surgery?
Some discomfort is normal, especially in the first few days. Pain is usually manageable with medication and improves as you heal.

When can I exercise again?
Light activity can begin within a couple of weeks, but strenuous exercise and heavy lifting should be avoided for several weeks or until cleared by your provider.

What are the risks of ventral hernia repair surgery?
Risks may include infection, bleeding, pain, or recurrence of the hernia. Your surgeon will review your specific risk factors with you.

Do I need someone to drive me home after surgery?
Yes, you will need a responsible adult to drive you home and stay with you for at least the first 24 hours and while you are taking pain medications.

When can I shower after surgery?
Most patients can shower within 24–48 hours, but you should follow your surgeon’s specific instructions regarding incision care.

Will I have lifting restrictions after surgery?
Yes, you will need to avoid heavy lifting (often anything over 10–15 pounds) for several weeks to allow proper healing.

How soon will I have a follow-up appointment?
A follow-up visit is usually scheduled within 1–2 weeks after surgery to check your healing and recovery but can be as far as 3-4 weeks on the type and how well the procedure went.

I have a surgical drain, but my post op is 2-3 weeks away from surgery?
Drains are typically removed within 10 days of the surgery but can be left in if you have continued drainage. Contact your doctor’s office if you have questions about removing a drain after surgery.

Have Questions?

If you’re considering hernia repair or have been scheduled for surgery, speak with your provider. We’re here to help you feel confident and prepared every step of the way.