Inguinal Hernia Repair Surgery: What You Need to Know

*Disclaimer
The information provided on this webpage and it’s external links, is intended for general informational and independent research purposes only. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the direct guidance of your physician or other qualified healthcare provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. Do not disregard or delay seeking professional medical advice based on information obtained from this site.

What Is an Inguinal Hernia?

An inguinal hernia occurs when part of the intestine or abdominal tissue pushes through a weak spot in the lower abdominal wall or groin. It often causes a bulge in the groin area that may become more noticeable when standing, coughing, or straining.

Inguinal hernia repair surgery (also called herniorrhaphy or hernia repair with mesh) restores the tissue to its proper place and strengthens the weakened abdominal wall.

Hernias are also described by how they behave:

Reducible hernia: The bulge can be gently pushed back into the abdomen or may go away when lying down. This is non-emergent and can be fixed with elective surgery.
Incarcerated hernia: The hernia cannot be pushed back in because the tissue is trapped. This may cause increasing pain and swelling. This is a more urgent type of hernia compared to a reducible hernia but it is NOT a medical emergency and can be fixed with elective surgery.
Strangulated hernia: The blood supply to the trapped tissue is cut off. This is a medical emergency and may cause severe pain, nausea, vomiting, and redness at the site. Seek immediate medical care at a hospital emergency room (ER) if this occurs.

Why Is It Done?

Surgery is usually recommended to:

Relieve pain or discomfort
Prevent enlargement of the hernia
Avoid complications such as incarceration or strangulation
Restore normal activity and quality of life

Small hernias without symptoms may sometimes be monitored (“watchful waiting”) under your doctor’s guidance.

Types of Inguinal Hernia Repair Surgeries

These hernia repair options will be discussed during your office visit, where your provider will review each approach, outline the risks and benefits, and help determine the best option for your individual situation.

Laparoscopic (Minimally Invasive) Repair

Performed through several small incisions in the lower abdomen
A camera (laparoscope) and specialized instruments are used to repair the hernia from the inside
Often uses a synthetic mesh to reinforce the abdominal wall and reduce recurrence
Typically results in less postoperative pain, faster recovery, and smaller scars
Most patients go home the same day and return to work within 1–2 weeks
Patients typically return to work with no restrictions after 4-6 weeks after surgery.

Open (Traditional) Repair

Involves a single incision (usually 5–10 cm) over the groin area
The herniated tissue is repositioned, and the abdominal wall is reinforced with sutures and often a mesh patch
Recovery may take 2–4 weeks, depending on the extent of the repair and may require an overnight hospital stay for observation.
Preferred in cases of large, recurrent, or complex hernias

Your surgeon will recommend the most appropriate technique based on several factors, including the size and type of your hernia, whether it is a first-time or recurrent repair, your overall health, and any prior abdominal surgeries. Both approaches are safe and effective, and the decision is made to provide the best possible outcome and recovery for your specific situation.

Before the Procedure

Acute Inguinal Hernia Repair (Urgent Emergency)

If an emergency inguinal hernia repair is needed:

Evaluation/diagnosis: Blood tests, urine tests, and imaging (such as ultrasound or CT scan) are performed.
Surgical timing: Once diagnosed, surgery is typically scheduled immediately as an emergency procedure.
Hospital stay: You may stay overnight for observation depending on your condition.
Pre-op treatment: IV fluids and antibiotics may be given before surgery.

Elective Inguinal Hernia Repair

If a patient has an inguinal hernia but it is not a life-threatening emergency, you will likely be referred to a general surgeon who can discuss treatment options, but an elective inguinal hernia repair is most commonly recommended to prevent future episodes. Preparing for an elective inguinal hernia repair includes:

Initial Consultation: Where you meet with the surgeon who will be performing the surgery and discuss treatment options.
Pre-Op Tests: Some patients may require blood tests and an EKG before surgery. Please complete all blood tests and EKGs within 30 days of surgery, and no later than two weeks before, to allow time for any needed repeats.
Imaging: CT/CAT scans, ultrasounds, or an MRI may be performed to determine the best and most safe surgical approach.
Medications: Inform your doctor about all medications and supplements, especially blood thinners.
Smoking: Stop smoking before surgery to promote better healing. Some insurances may require this step in order to authorize surgery. Check with your healthcare provider if you have questions about this.
Prep the Night Before:
- Use the provided antibacterial soap to wash the area the night before and morning of the surgery. This excludes hemorrhoid procedures.
- Clean clothes and clean sheets gets you prepared for surgery.
Fasting: Do not eat or drink anything for at least 6–8 hours before surgery.
Transportation: It is required that you arrange for someone to drive you home after the procedure.

It is very important that you properly prepare yourself for surgery as it allows for your doctor to perform the surgery safely and effectively. If you’re preparing for an inguinal hernia repair, please visit the link below to view more detailed instructions on how to prepare for surgery.

Visit our Preparing for Surgery Page

What to Expect During Surgery

The procedure is performed under general anesthesia meaning you will be asleep.
Surgery usually takes 45–90 minutes.
The hernia sac is repaired, and the abdominal wall is reinforced.
You will spend a short time in recovery and can usually go home the same day.

After the Procedure

Hospital stay:
- May be 1–2 days for an uncomplicated inguinal hernia repair however some patients go home the same day.
- Longer hospital stay may be required if there were other complications during surgery.
At home recovery:
- Most patients resume light activity within a few days
- Most patients return to work or school around 1-2 weeks after surgery
- Depending on working conditions, lifting restrictions may be in place until fully healed at around 2-4 weeks.
- Full recovery typically takes 2–4 weeks

In some cases a drain may be placed to help the surgical site heal. These drains will most likely be removed within 10 days of the surgery at a post-op appointment with your doctor.

What to Expect:

Mild soreness, bruising, and swelling in the groin are normal for several days.
You may take prescribed pain medication or over-the-counter options as directed.
Resume light activity such as walking within 24 hours—it helps prevent blood clots.
Avoid heavy lifting or strenuous activity for at least 4–6 weeks.
Most patients return to work within 1–2 weeks after laparoscopic surgery, or 2–4 weeks after open surgery.

Contact your doctor if you experience:

Fever over 100.4°F (38°C) or chills
Increasing pain or swelling
Redness or drainage at the incision site
Difficulty urinating
Persistent nausea or vomiting

Risks and Possible Complications

Inguinal hernia repair is safe, but potential risks include:

Infection or bleeding
Fluid buildup (seroma) or bruising in the groin or scrotum
Pain or numbness at the incision site
Mesh-related complications (rare)
Recurrence of the hernia
Damage to nearby nerves, blood vessels, or (in men) the spermatic cord

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Is surgery the only treatment for an inguinal hernia?
Yes. While small hernias can be monitored, surgery is the only way to permanently repair a hernia.

Will I need mesh in my repair?
In most adult repairs, mesh is used to strengthen the abdominal wall and reduce recurrence. Your surgeon will explain the best option for your case.

How long will I be in the hospital?
Most patients go home the same day of surgery but you may be kept overnight for observation at the hospital.

When can I drive again?
Usually within 3–5 days, once you are off pain medications and can move comfortably.

Can the hernia come back after surgery?
Recurrence is rare, especially with mesh repair. Maintaining a healthy weight and avoiding heavy lifting can help prevent it.

Will I have any long-term restrictions?
Once fully healed, you can return to all normal activities, including exercise and lifting.

Is the procedure painful?
Some discomfort is expected, but pain is usually mild and improves within a few days. Laparoscopic repairs tend to cause less pain overall.

When can I resume sexual activity?
Typically after 2–3 weeks, but only when you’re comfortable and cleared by your provider.

How soon can I return to normal activities?
Light activities can begin within a few days. Most normal daily activities can resume within 1–2 weeks, but heavy lifting should be avoided for several weeks.

Can I shower after surgery?
Yes, usually within 24–48 hours. Avoid soaking in baths, hot tubs, or pools until your incision is fully healed.

Will I need help at home after surgery?
It’s helpful to have someone assist you for the first 24–48 hours, especially with transportation, daily tasks, and mobility.

What should I wear after surgery?
Loose, comfortable clothing is recommended to avoid pressure on the surgical site.

Is swelling in the groin or scrotum normal after surgery?
Yes, some swelling or bruising can occur and typically improves over a few days to weeks.

Can I climb stairs after surgery?
Yes, but take it slowly and use handrails. Avoid overexertion in the first few days.

When can I start exercising again?
Walking is encouraged early. More strenuous exercise and weightlifting should be avoided for about 4–6 weeks or as directed by your provider.

What happens if I don’t get the hernia repaired?
The hernia may enlarge over time and can lead to complications such as incarceration or strangulation, which may require emergency surgery.

Can both sides be repaired at the same time?
Yes, if you have hernias on both sides, they can often be repaired during the same procedure.

Will this affect my ability to exercise or lift weights long-term?
No, once healed, most patients return to full strength and activity without limitations.

Have Questions or Concerns?

Your care team is here to help. If you’ve been diagnosed with an inguinal hernia or are recovering from an inguinal hernia repair, don’t hesitate to contact us with questions about your treatment or recovery.