Upper Endoscopy: What You Need to Know
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What Is an Upper Endoscopy?
An upper endoscopy is a diagnostic procedure that allows your doctor to examine the inside of your esophagus, stomach, and the first part of your small intestine (duodenum).
It is performed using a thin, flexible tube called an endoscope that has a light and camera at the end.
Why Is It Done?
Upper endoscopy helps diagnose and sometimes treat conditions affecting the upper digestive tract, including:
- Trouble swallowing (dysphagia)
- Persistent heartburn or reflux (GERD)
- Unexplained nausea, vomiting, or abdominal pain
- Gastrointestinal bleeding
- Ulcers or inflammation (esophagitis, gastritis)
- Celiac disease
- Tumors or polyps
- Follow-up for abnormal imaging or biopsies
How to Prepare
- Do not eat or drink anything for at least 6–8 hours before the procedure.
- Let your provider know about all medications you take, especially blood thinners or diabetes medications.
- Arrange for someone to drive you home, as sedatives used during the procedure can make you drowsy.
What to Expect During the Procedure
- You’ll receive a sedative through an IV to help you relax.
- A mouthguard will be placed to protect your teeth and the endoscope.
- The doctor will gently guide the endoscope through your mouth and down into your esophagus, stomach, and duodenum.
- The procedure typically lasts 30–60 minutes.
- Biopsies (small tissue samples) may be taken for testing—this is painless.
Recovery After the Procedure
- You’ll be monitored in a recovery area until the sedation wears off (usually about 30–60 minutes).
- You may have a sore throat, bloating, or gas for a few hours afterward.
- Most people can resume normal eating later the same day, unless otherwise instructed.
- Do not drive, operate machinery, or make major decisions for the rest of the day due to the sedative.
Risks and Complications
Upper endoscopy is generally safe. Complications are rare but may include:
- Bleeding (especially if a biopsy or treatment is performed)
- Perforation (a tear in the digestive tract lining)
- Reactions to sedative medications
- Infection (very rare)
Contact your provider right away if you experience:
- Severe abdominal pain
- Vomiting blood or passing black stools
- Difficulty breathing
- Fever or chills
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Is upper endoscopy painful?
No. You’ll be sedated and should not feel pain. You might feel mild pressure or fullness during the procedure.
How long will I be at the clinic or hospital?
Plan to be there for about 2–3 hours including preparation and recovery time.
Can I take my medications before the procedure?
Some medications may need to be adjusted. Your care team will give you specific instructions.
Will I need someone with me?
Yes. You must have someone drive you home after the procedure because of the sedative’s lingering effects.
When will I get results?
Your doctor may discuss initial findings immediately afterward. If biopsies were taken, results usually take a few days.
Still Have Questions?
Contact your care team with any concerns about your upcoming procedure or recovery plan.