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Falls Canyon Surgical Associates

Mastectomy – Breast Cancer Surgery: What You Need to Know

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The information provided on this webpage and its external links, is intended for general informational and independent research purposes only. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the direct guidance of your physician or other qualified healthcare provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. Do not disregard or delay seeking professional medical advice based on information obtained from this site.

What is a Mastectomy?

A mastectomy is a surgical procedure to remove one or both breasts, typically performed to treat or prevent breast cancer.
There are several types of mastectomy depending on the diagnosis and treatment plan.

Types of Mastectomy

  • Total (Simple) Mastectomy: Removes the entire breast, including the nipple and areola.
  • Skin-Sparing Mastectomy: Preserves most of the breast skin for reconstruction.
  • Nipple-Sparing Mastectomy: Preserves the breast skin and nipple-areola complex.
  • Modified Radical Mastectomy: Removes the entire breast along with lymph nodes under the arm.
  • Double Mastectomy: Both breasts are removed, often as a preventive measure in high-risk patients.

Your surgeon will recommend the best option based on your cancer stage, location, breast size, and personal preferences.

Why Is It Done?

A mastectomy may be recommended for:

  • Breast cancer treatment
  • DCIS (ductal carcinoma in situ)
  • High genetic risk (e.g., BRCA mutation)
  • Recurrence of cancer after prior treatments
  • Personal choice over lumpectomy or radiation

Preparing for Surgery

  • You’ll meet with your care team to discuss the surgery, anesthesia, and recovery.
  • Talk to your surgeon about reconstruction options—some procedures can be done at the same time as mastectomy.
  • Preoperative testing (e.g., labs, imaging) may be needed.
  • Arrange for help at home, especially for the first week after surgery.

What to Expect During Surgery

  • Performed under general anesthesia
  • Surgery usually lasts 1–3 hours, depending on whether reconstruction or lymph node removal is included
  • A drain may be placed near the incision to remove fluid
  • Most patients stay in the hospital 1–2 nights, though some go home the same day

Recovery After Surgery

  • Expect soreness, swelling, and limited arm movement for a few days
  • You may go home with surgical drains that require care for about 1–2 weeks
  • Pain is usually well controlled with prescribed medications
  • Your surgeon will advise you when to return to daily activities (usually 2–6 weeks)
  • Avoid heavy lifting and vigorous activity until cleared by your care team
  • Emotional support and counseling may be helpful during recovery

Risks and Complications

While generally safe, possible risks include:

  • Bleeding or infection
  • Poor wound healing
  • Fluid buildup (seroma)
  • Numbness or stiffness in the chest or arm
  • Shoulder mobility issues
  • Lymphedema (swelling of the arm, if lymph nodes are removed)

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Will I need radiation or chemotherapy after a mastectomy?
Possibly. Your care team will make recommendations based on your tumor type, lymph node involvement, and other factors.

Can breast cancer return after a mastectomy?
Yes, recurrence is possible, although the risk is lower. Regular follow-up and imaging help monitor for recurrence.

Is breast reconstruction required?
No. Reconstruction is optional. You can choose immediate reconstruction, delayed reconstruction, or no reconstruction at all. All options are valid and personal.

Is breast reconstruction covered by insurance?
Yes. Under U.S. law, insurance providers must cover breast reconstruction following mastectomy, including procedures on the opposite breast for symmetry.

When can I return to work or exercise?
Most people return to light work within 2–4 weeks. Full recovery may take 6–8 weeks or longer depending on the extent of surgery and reconstruction.

Will I need to wear a special bra or prosthesis?
Yes. Your care team may recommend a post-surgical bra, and some patients use a breast prosthesis if not undergoing reconstruction.

Support and Resources

  • Oncology social workers, therapists, and support groups can provide emotional and practical support.
  • Physical therapy may be helpful to improve shoulder mobility and reduce swelling.
  • Ask your team about local and online support options.