Lumpectomy – Breast Cancer Surgery: What You Need to Know
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What Is a Lumpectomy?
A lumpectomy—also called breast-conserving surgery or partial mastectomy—is a surgical procedure to remove a breast tumor along with a small margin of surrounding healthy tissue. The goal is to treat breast cancer while preserving as much of the breast as possible.
Why Is It Done?
A lumpectomy is commonly recommended for:
- Early-stage breast cancer (Stages 0, I, or II)
- Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS)
- Non-cancerous breast abnormalities (such as suspicious lumps)
- Patients who wish to preserve the appearance of the breast
Lumpectomy is often followed by radiation therapy to help reduce the risk of recurrence.
Preparing for Surgery
- You’ll meet with your surgeon to review imaging, biopsy results, and surgical plans.
- You may need a preoperative localization (wire or marker) if the tumor isn’t easily felt.
- Discuss radiation therapy and whether lymph nodes will also be removed (sentinel node biopsy).
- Let your care team know about any medications, allergies, or underlying conditions.
- Arrange transportation and help at home for the first day or two after surgery.
- Nothing to eat or drink after midnight the night before the procedure.
See our page on how to prepare for surgery at the link below.
What to Expect During Surgery
- Performed under general anesthesia
- Surgery typically lasts 1–2 hours
- Only the tumor and a small rim of healthy tissue are removed
- If necessary, sentinel lymph nodes may be removed through a separate or the same incision
- Most patients go home the same day
Recovery After Surgery
- Expect some pain, swelling, and bruising around the incision site
- Most people can return to light activity within a few days
- Full recovery usually occurs within 1–2 weeks
- Avoid heavy lifting and strenuous activity until cleared by your surgeon
- Your surgeon will provide instructions for wound care and follow-up
Radiation Therapy After Lumpectomy
Radiation is usually recommended after a lumpectomy to reduce the risk of cancer returning. Treatment typically begins a few weeks after surgery and lasts 3–6 weeks, depending on the protocol.
Risks and Possible Side Effects
Lumpectomy is generally safe, but possible risks include:
- Infection or bleeding
- Changes in breast shape or size
- Scar tissue or firmness at the surgical site
- Numbness or tingling
- Fluid buildup (seroma)
- Rarely, need for additional surgery if margins are not clear
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Will my breast look the same after surgery?
There may be changes in shape or size, especially if a large area is removed. Your surgeon will try to maintain the breast’s appearance.
Will I still need radiation therapy?
Yes, in most cases. Radiation helps reduce the risk of cancer coming back in the same breast.
How soon can I return to work?
Many people return to work within a few days to a week, depending on the type of job and how you’re feeling.
Will I need chemotherapy too?
Possibly. Chemotherapy decisions depend on the tumor type, stage, lymph node involvement, and other pathology results.
Can I have breast reconstruction after a lumpectomy?
Yes, in some cases. Options like oncoplastic surgery may help reshape the breast during or after lumpectomy. Ask your surgeon about what’s appropriate for you.
What if the margins aren’t clear after surgery?
If cancer cells are found near the edge of the removed tissue, you may need a second surgery to remove more tissue or consider a mastectomy.
Support and Resources
- Breast cancer navigators, support groups, and therapists can help you through each step of your treatment.
- Physical therapy may help restore range of motion and reduce swelling if lymph nodes are removed.
- Ask your care team about financial assistance, post-surgical bras, and local resources.