Lumpectomy – Breast Cancer Surgery: What You Need to Know

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What Is a Lumpectomy?

A lumpectomy—also called breast-conserving surgery or partial mastectomy—is a surgical procedure to remove a breast tumor along with a small margin of surrounding healthy tissue. The goal is to treat breast cancer while preserving as much of the breast as possible.

Why Is It Done?

A lumpectomy is commonly recommended for:

Early-stage breast cancer (Stages 0, I, or II)
Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS)
Non-cancerous breast abnormalities (such as suspicious lumps)
Patients who wish to preserve the appearance of the breast

Lumpectomy is often followed by radiation therapy to help reduce the risk of recurrence.

Prior to Surgery

You’ll meet with your surgeon to review imaging, biopsy results, and surgical plans.
You may need a preoperative localization (wire or marker) if the tumor isn’t easily felt.
Discuss radiation therapy and whether lymph nodes will also be removed (sentinel node biopsy).
Let your care team know about any medications, allergies, or underlying conditions.
Arrange transportation and help at home for the first day or two after surgery.

Breast cancer treatment
DCIS (ductal carcinoma in situ)
High genetic risk (e.g., BRCA mutation)
Recurrence of cancer after prior treatments
Personal choice over lumpectomy or radiation

Preparing for Surgery

Talk to your surgeon about reconstruction options—some procedures can be done at the same time as lumpectomy.
Medications: Tell your care team about all medications and supplements. Some, like blood thinners or weight-loss medications like Ozempic, Mounjaro or Trulicity, may need to be paused.
Pre Op Labs: Bloodwork, imaging and and EKG may be requested prior to surgery.
Fasting: Do not eat or drink after midnight the night before surgery unless instructed otherwise.
Transportation: Arrange for someone to drive you home after the procedure.
Assistance: Arrange for help at home, especially for the first week after surgery.

It is very important that you properly prepare yourself for surgery as it allows for your doctor to perform the surgery safely and effectively. If you’re preparing for a colectomy, please visit the link below to view more detailed instructions on how to prepare for surgery.

Visit our Preparing for Surgery Page

What to Expect During Surgery

Performed under general anesthesia
Surgery typically lasts 1–2 hours
Only the tumor and a small rim of healthy tissue are removed
If necessary, sentinel lymph nodes may be removed through a separate or the same incision
Most patients go home the same day

Recovery After Surgery

Expect some pain, swelling, and bruising around the incision site
Most people can return to light activity within a few days
Full recovery usually occurs within 1–2 weeks
Avoid heavy lifting and strenuous activity until cleared by your surgeon
Your surgeon will provide instructions for wound care and follow-up

Radiation Therapy After Lumpectomy

Radiation is usually recommended after a lumpectomy to reduce the risk of cancer returning. Treatment typically begins a few weeks after surgery and lasts 3–6 weeks, depending on the protocol.

Risks and Possible Side Effects

Lumpectomy is generally safe, but possible risks include:

Infection or bleeding
Changes in breast shape or size
Scar tissue or firmness at the surgical site
Numbness or tingling
Fluid buildup (seroma)
Rarely, need for additional surgery if margins are not clear

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Will my breast look the same after surgery?
There may be changes in shape or size, especially if a large area is removed. Your surgeon will try to maintain the breast’s appearance.

Will I still need radiation therapy?
Yes, in most cases. Radiation helps reduce the risk of cancer coming back in the same breast.

How soon can I return to work?
Many people return to work within a few days to a week, depending on the type of job and how you’re feeling.

Will I need chemotherapy too?
Possibly. Chemotherapy decisions depend on the tumor type, stage, lymph node involvement, and other pathology results.

Can I have breast reconstruction after a lumpectomy?
Yes, in some cases. Options like oncoplastic surgery may help reshape the breast during or after lumpectomy. Ask your surgeon about what’s appropriate for you.

What if the margins aren’t clear after surgery?
If cancer cells are found near the edge of the removed tissue, you may need a second surgery to remove more tissue or consider a mastectomy.

Support and Resources

Breast cancer navigators, support groups, and therapists can help you through each step of your treatment.
Physical therapy may help restore range of motion and reduce swelling if lymph nodes are removed.
Ask your care team about financial assistance, post-surgical bras, and local resources.

Need Support or Have Questions?

Your care team is here to help. If you’ve been diagnosed with a breast mass or are recovering from a lumpectomy, don’t hesitate to contact us with questions about your treatment or recovery.