Colonoscopy: What You Need to Know
*Disclaimer
The information provided on this webpage and it’s external links, is intended for general informational and independent research purposes only. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the direct guidance of your physician or other qualified healthcare provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. Do not disregard or delay seeking professional medical advice based on information obtained from this site.
What is a Colonoscopy?
A Colonoscopy is a medical procedure that allows doctors to closely examine the inner lining of your colon (large intestine) and rectum using a long, flexible tube with a tiny camera at the end. This procedure is a key tool for detecting early signs of colorectal cancer, investigating symptoms like abdominal pain or bleeding, and monitoring ongoing digestive health issues.
Whether you’re preparing for your first Colonoscopy or just want to understand the process better, this page will guide you through what to expect before, during, and after the procedure.
Why Colonoscopies Are Important and When Should I Get One?
Colonoscopies Are Used To:
- Screen for colorectal cancer
Regular screening helps find cancer early, when it’s most treatable.- Starting at age 45, adults are encouraged to begin regular screenings.
- Ages 45–75: People in good health with a life expectancy of more than 10 years should continue regular screening through age 75.
- Ages 76–85: Screening decisions should be based on personal preferences, life expectancy, overall health, and prior screening history.
- Over age 85: Routine screening is generally not recommended but can be done if desired.
People are considered at average risk if they do not have:
- A personal or family history of colorectal cancer or certain types of polyps
- A personal history of inflammatory bowel disease (ulcerative colitis or Crohn’s disease)
- A confirmed or suspected hereditary colorectal cancer syndrome (such as familial adenomatous polyposis or Lynch syndrome)
- A history of abdominal or pelvic radiation therapy for another cancer
Those with any of the above risk factors are considered higher risk and may need to begin screening earlier or undergo it more frequently, as recommended by their doctor.
Other Reasons for a Colonoscopy:
- Monitoring high-risk individuals: People with a family history of colorectal cancer or polyps, or with previous polyps or inflammatory bowel disease, may need more frequent screening.
- Investigating symptoms:
- Chronic diarrhea or constipation
- Unexplained abdominal pain
- Blood in the stool or rectal bleeding
- Sudden changes in bowel habits
- Diagnosing conditions:
- Inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis)
- Diverticulosis or diverticulitis
- Colon or rectal cancer
- Following up on abnormal stool tests, imaging results, or previous procedures
Preparing for a Colonoscopy
Proper preparation is key to a successful colonoscopy. A clean colon allows your doctor to see clearly during the procedure. Preparation involves four main things: taking a bowel prep, maintaining a clear liquid diet, stopping certain medications and arranging a ride home after the procedure.
Here’s what to expect:
- Medication Adjustments:
Your doctor will give you instructions on whether to pause or adjust medications like blood thinners, insulin, or iron supplements. Medications might have to be stopped up to a week before the procedure so make sure you confirm your medication plan with your physician.
- Bowel Prep:
You’ll be asked to follow a clear liquid diet the day before your procedure and drink a prescribed laxative solution to empty your bowels. We provide special instructions on how to take the bowel prep properly in order to prepare you for the procedure. You can download each bowel prep’s specific instructions at the link listed below:
Download Your Colonoscopy Bowel Prep Instructions:
- Diet Instructions:
Starting the day before your procedure, you must be on a Clear Liquid Diet. This means you are unable to eat solid foods, non-clear liquids, and red or purple liquids. Popular clear liquids include water, broth, apple juice, sports drinks, clear sodas, and gelatin.
- Arrange Transportation:
Sedation is used during the procedure, so it is required that you have someone to drive you home afterward.
For more information on how to prepare for a colonoscopy, please visit our Colonoscopy Preparation page using the link below.
What Happens During the Procedure
- You’ll be asked to change into a gown and lie on your side.
- An IV will be placed to administer sedation, helping you relax or sleep during the exam.
- The doctor will gently insert the colonoscope into your rectum and guide it through the colon.
- The camera transmits real-time images to a monitor so the doctor can inspect the lining for abnormalities.
- If any polyps or suspicious areas are found, they may be removed or biopsied during the procedure.
Duration: Most colonoscopies take 30–60 minutes.
After the Procedure
- You’ll be monitored in a recovery area until the sedation wears off.
- You may feel bloating, gas, or mild cramping for a few hours due to the air used to inflate the colon during the exam.
- Most patients can resume normal activities by the next day, but avoid driving or operating machinery for 24 hours.
- Your doctor will discuss the findings with you and let you know when to expect biopsy results if samples were taken.
Risks and Safety
Colonoscopies are a safe procedure, but like any medical procedure, it carries some risks:
- Bleeding (particularly if a polyp is removed)
- Perforation (a rare tear in the bowel wall)
- Adverse reactions to sedation
These complications are uncommon, and your care team will take steps to minimize any risks.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Will it hurt?
No, you’ll be sedated and should not feel pain during the procedure. Some mild discomfort or gas afterward is normal.
Can I go to work the next day?
Most people return to work and normal activities within 24 hours.
How often do I need one?
If no polyps are found, your next screening might be in 10 years. If polyps are found, your doctor may recommend a shorter follow-up interval.
Do I still need a colonoscopy if I feel fine?
Yes. Colon cancer often develops without symptoms in its early stages. That’s why routine screening is important—even if you feel healthy. Early detection greatly improves the chance of successful treatment.
Can I have a colonoscopy during my period?
Yes, it’s safe. Just wear a pad, not a tampon, during the procedure.
What if I throw up the bowel prep?
Stop and call your doctor—they may adjust your prep or give alternate instructions.
Can I take chewing gum or mints before the procedure?
No. Avoid chewing gum, mints, or candy within a few hours of the procedure.
Can I brush my teeth on the day of the colonoscopy?
Yes, just don’t swallow any water or toothpaste.
When can I eat after the procedure?
Usually right after you’re fully awake although it is recommended to start with light food and advance as tolerated.
Can I have a colonoscopy while pregnant?
It’s rare and only done if medically necessary. Discuss risks with your doctor.
Can I drink alcohol the day before my colonoscopy?
No. Avoid alcohol as it can dehydrate you and interfere with sedation.
Can I get a colonoscopy during a cold or minor illness?
It depends—contact your doctor to reschedule if you’re sick.
Have Questions?
If you’ve been scheduled for a colonoscopy or are wondering if one is right for you, reach out to your healthcare provider or view our page on preparing for a colonoscopy. Our team is here to walk you through each step of the process and ensure you feel informed, safe, and supported.